Active earth pressure, passive earth pressure and at rest earth pressure

Active earth pressure, passive earth pressure and at rest earth pressure

 

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Culmann's Graphical Method to find Active Earth Pressure

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Culmann's Graphical Method           Culmann's Curve is the curve use to find Active and Passive Earth Pressure in Retaning wall.  Culmann's curve is drawn using Culmann's Graphical Method. In this article we describe the step by step procedure how to draw culmann's curve and how to find Active Earth Pressure Using Culmann's curve. Procedure: 1) Draw Ground Line , Failure Line & Earth Pressure Line with β, 丫 , ψ angle respectively. 2) Consider any trial wedge ABC 1  and measure length AC 1  as a L 1 3) Calculate the weight of wedge ABC 1  and plot it at point E i.e. BE 1 =L 1 4) Consider all such lines BC2, BC3, BC4, and corresponding points E 1 , E 2 , E 3 , E 4 . 5) Through E 1  draw a line parallel to ψ line which cut's BC 1  at point F 1 . 6) Draw similar lines F 2 E 2 , F 3 E 3 , F 4 E 4 . 7) Draw a smooth curve which passes through B, F 1 , F 2 , F 3 , F 4 . This curve is called as     
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How to draw Isobar / Pressure Bulb

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Isobar/Presssure Bulb An imaginary line joining the points having same verticle stress i.e. same verticle pressure. Short Notes:- The isobar is symmetrical about verticle axis (shape is like an onion). The intensity of isobar goes on decreases from top to bottom and along radial distance. The significant depth is the depth upto which 10 percent of isobar (0.1Q) is exist. It is also called as Pressure Bulb and the shape is Spacial Curve/ Lemniscate.(⩉) Procedure To Draw Isobar . If 10% of isobar is to be drawn then (sigma) σz =0.1Q Let σz = Q÷Z ² × KB , putting the value of σz in this equation, Hence KB = 0.1×Z ² Assuming various values of depth (Z) and find out different KB. From Different KB Calculate various value of r/z and hence by knowing different Z find out 'r' Plot 10% of isobar by knowing different Z and r which is symmetric about verticle axis.   ✡Suppose 90% of isobar is to plot then σz = 0.9Q.
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Rehbann's / Poncelets Theory

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Rebhann (1871) gave this graphical procedure for locating the slip plane and determining the total active earth pressure according to Coulomb’s wedge theory.   Procedure:- 1) Draw A retaining wall having height H i.e. AB 2) Draw three lines   Ground Line ( ß @ with horizontal)                                   Failure Line ∅                                     Earth pressure line  Ψ   3) Through point A Draw a line parallel to Ψ   line which cuts BD line at point C. 4) Through C draw perpendicular line CE which cuts an arc at E. 5) Join BE line consider BE as a radius and B as a center draw an arc through E       which cuts at point F on BD line. Through F draw a line parallel to  Ψ line which       cuts line AD at point G. 6) Consider GF as a radius and F is a centre. Draw an arc through G which cuts BD      at point H. Join GH to form a triangle GHF. 7) Consider GI is a height of triangle that is x. Through point B draw a line
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